7.3 Questions

1. Hydraulic action, Corrasion, Corrosion
2. Wave refraction is when waves become more dispersed around waves, making it more concentrated around headlands. When the waves become more concentrated the energy also does, making the waves more powerful in the headlands.
3. 
   

  4. Cliffs, rock faces and surfaces

5.Hydraulic action-waves crash against the headlands and trap air in cracks and holes, and is how boreholes are formed.

Corrasion- Waves crash over rock shelves. This action moves rock and other material across the rocks and wears away rock

Corrosion- When waves crash across rocks which have minerals with iron, they wet the rocks and as they dry the salt in the sea water crystallizes and acts on the rock to erode it.

6. The accretion cycle is when big waves and storms wash sand out to sea where it forms sand bars. It then gets washed back to the shore in small quantities by small waves.

7.wind, transportation and erosion

8.Sand is one of the most common things deposited on beaches

9. Wind forms coastal dunes. The wind is blown landwards which gets trapped by low-flying vegetation. The fore dune is sand which has been eroded away. When the vegetation starts dies down, the dunes start to become eroded again and when there has been enough erosion, the vegetation starts to grow again. Then the cycle starts again

10. 

The process is started off by waves coming in on an angle. When they break they loose there energy and the water (swash) goes onto the beach. Then gravity pushes the water back down and back into the ocean where it gets hit by another wave and goes back onto the sand, but further down the beach. The process cycles and that's how sand is transported down the beach. 

11.

This is a picture of the twelve apostles which have been eroded away by wind and water over time to cut them off from the mainland and shape them the way they are.

As with the the the twelve apostles, this rock formation has also been caused by years and years of wind chipping at it and water rubbing it into the smooth shape it is today

This beach has been caused by coastal deposition as the waves and current of other beaches have picked up sand and other materials such as rocks and shells have dragged them over to this beach were it gets pushed up on shore and forms a beach of its own.

As with the beach above, this one has been formed by waves picking up what mostly looks like sand and dirt and spread it over this deposited beach. It doesn't look as rocky and rough as the one above, but it all depends on what the other beaches have to offer.

12. Fore-dune plays a big part of protecting coastal area's, because the dunes which fore-dune make protects the area's from sand and big waves that, without the dunes, could spill into streets and water supplies.

13. a) On the great ocean road

b)Because they have been around thousands of years and have stayed upright (except one) through storms, waves crashing into their sides and constant erosion.

c)Millions of years ago when the cliffs were underwater, marine creatures would die and sink to the bottom. The marine creatures’ skeletons and shells were of course rich in calcium and as the sediment compacted over the centuries, calciferous clay, or tertiary limestone, was formed.

It is the calcium that acts a cementing product, binding the rock together. Thus, where you have a higher calcium content, or a richer deposit of calcium, you have a stronger variety of rock. This stronger rock has managed to withstand the pounding of the waves and the whipping of the sand-laden winds as the weaker rock has been worn away around it, leaving us today with an amazing array of rock formations.

d)The London bridge was a rock sediment in the shape of an arc that connected the mainland to the offshore rocks collapsed in 1990
e)Yes, I think the landforms collapsing could have been prevented, but that doesn't mean they should be. Those landforms have been there millions of years and would probably pretty unstable by now, and these things were made naturally, why should we interfere with them so they can live longer. I say let nature run its cause and don't interfere in something to make it last longer when it should die on its own course
14. You may be wondering how these landforms were formed. Yes. Well, millions of years ago these rocks were underwater, completely submerged. With them were there sea creature friends, fish, seaweed, sharks. When there friends died, there bones would be left behind. These bones were rich in calcium and that calcium that was left behind helped to stick rocks together. Over time, these once small rock began to grow and grow and became stronger and stronger from all the calcium form the dead fish and animals. Then when the sea water fell dramatically, these rocks were left standing. But they are dying. With all the constant erosion from wind and water, these landforms are loosing strength and will, in time, collapse under the weight and fall.

ghost tree

Ghost Tree is located near Monterey Bay, California, just off the 18th hole at Pebble Beach Golf Links. Some say its scarier than Maverick's, heavier than Waimea Bay and among the most dangerous waves in the world.   Wave faces can reach heights of 70 feet, with a tube that stretches as long as a football pitch across a boneyard of black rock.   In 2007 this spot claimed the life of a local surfer, Peter Davi.

These waves are formed out at sea in harsh, stormy conditions and as they reach closer to shore, they hit rock shelves and rise dramatically.












Swell                                                                   Period                                                                  Wind




    

Above are three different views from space all showing different results of the moving water towards the California coastline. The wind and swell are the most important as they show where the wave is getting its main source of power. The wind photo shows us that the wave gains most of its wind power on the coast and just before it crashes.

Surfers waves

Pre-viewing:

1. Where do ocean waves come from? What gets them started? The oceans waves are made by energy, which comes from the wind way out at sea.
2. What do you think a surfer should know about waves before they try and ride a wave while surfing?

Question for the Video:

1. Observe all the waves that you see and describe how they form and break. Use as many words found in the segment for you descriptions. The big waves at maverick when the time is right. it starts out miles in the sea. They are caused by the interaction by the wind and the water. The energy comes from the wind blowing on the sea. The waves are measured by height, frequency and width. When the wind is stronger, the waves are bigger and more powerful. When the energy from the waves hit the bottom of the sea, all the energy is pushed upwards and gives the waves there height. Refraction focuses the energy and pushes it into a wave. The waves break when they hit the sea bed and it sort of trips and pushes the top of the wave over the edge as the base slows down.
2. Describe how waves are formed, how they originate, and how they are measured? The waves are formed by the energy of the wind. The stronger the wind the bigger the wave.  The waves are measured by height, frequency and width and originate miles out at sea.
3. What is a maverick wave and what is special about the way it is formed? A maverick wave is a very big wave which holds a lot of energy and once it hits the sea bed, the energy is forced upwards, giving it its massive height.
4. How is energy stored and transferred during wave? Energy is stored inside the wave, going around in circular motions like a wheel and is transferred by the wind blowing on the wave and moving it, making small ripples and as more and more wind hits it it grows in size
5. List any kind of advice given by the surfers about how to survive these “big waves.” Be careful, down't over judge the wave and ride the fire before the wrath of god comes down all at once.

Homework:

1. Design a blog post on your blog of a big wave site from different parts of the world. Be sure to describe the geography and the topography of the ocean floor in these areas and how this helps create these massive waves. check out http://www.extremehorizon.com/surf-shop/big_waves.html for big waves around the world.

7.2 Questions

1. The wind is what causes waves. At first it starts with ripples, then those form wavelets and then waves.
2. The distance the wind travels over the ocean to form waves it known as fetch.
3. Waves in the open ocean don't break because they are higher up on the ocean seabed, but when they reach the shore they release there energy and break.
4. 
   
5. 
   
6. Spilling waves are waves that break far from the beaches, meaning that body boarders can body board because they are safe from hitting anyone. Plunging waves are waves that break on the beach creating barrels. And surging waves are waves that just wash up, there are no breaks and its just a gental wave that rolls up the beach, creating erosion.
7. Wind swells are when the wind hits the water and greats waves that are close to the shore. These waves occur more frequently because they are close to the shore. Ground waves are a lot less frequent and occur way out in the ocean, creating bigger waves.
8. 
   
9. There are three types of waves that you must look out for, so if you want to find the best ones, you need to know what ones you like. There are spilling waves, which break on the shores, best for body boarding and swimming. Plunging waves, which are the best for surfers because there are barrels. And then there's surging waves which are flat waves which no breaks.

Sorry sir i couldnt get the pictures where i wanted them so there at the top.

Vocab words

Population- There's been an increase of population over the past years and this has been due to a lot of immigration, higher birth rates and lower death rates

Inappropriate development- homes are being demolished for more hotels to be brought in, this means there's more space for people to buy apartments on the coast which causes more population in that area

Tourism and recreational pressure- As people have moved to the coast, the pollution and over population is forming

7.1 questions

1. With 85% of Australia's population living in urban areas just 50 km from the coast, this has caused a numerous amount of geographical issues such as over population and others ranging from various groups.
2. If its not sustainable then many problems could arise.
3. population growth
4. some cities have applied residential caps or a population ceiling in an effort to stop over population
5. Population- There has been a increase of population over the past decade and this has been a facture of immigration, illegal and legal, higher birth rates and lower death rates

Pollution- with the increase in population there has been more pollution. This is caused by more people throwing out there rubbish without thinking about what they were doing or why were they doing it

Inappropriate development- houses are being demolished for more hotels to be brought in, this means there's more spaces open for people to buy apartments on the coast which causes more over population

Tourism and recreational pressure- With more people coming over to stay on the coast, this adds to the pollution and over population

      6. They help a lot to try and fix the problems that need help being solved. They help the residents of the place they are trying to help.

      7.